To understand the behaviour of thermal radiation in engineering, Kirchoff’s law of thermal radiation and Wien’s displacement law are the two fundamental principles that describe the emission and absorption of radiation by materials. For example, you mush have seen the colour variations in flames such as burning matchstick or kitchen stove, this is because of […]
The Inverse Square Law is a fundamental principle in physics that describes how the intensity of a physical quantity, such as radiation, changes with distance from its source. Inverse Square Law states that the intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the radiation source. In simple words, as you
What is Stoke’s Law Stoke’s Law is an empirical relationship for the frictional force also called drag force exerted on spherical objects with very small Reynolds numbers in a viscous fluid. The law is derived considering the forces acting on a particular particle as it sinks through the liquid column under the influence of gravity. Drag Force : The force that
Have you ever noticed how honey flows slowly compared to water? That’s because of a property of fluids called viscosity, which describes their resistance to flow. Newton’s law of viscosity describes the relationship between a fluid’s resistance to flow (viscosity) and the shear stress applied to it. Terminologies Used in Newton’s Law of Viscosity Shear
A plug flow reactor (PFR), also sometimes called a continuous tubular reactor (CTR) or piston flow reactor, is a model used to describe chemical reactions in continuous, flowing systems with a cylindrical geometry. In a plug flow reactor the composition of the fluid varies from point to point along a flow path and having negligible
A Mixed Flow Reactor (MFR), also known as a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) or vat reactor, is a type of chemical reactor in which the reactants are continuously fed into a stirred tank. The impeller inside the tank continuously mixes the reactants, ensuring a uniform composition throughout the reactor. The products are then continuously withdrawn
An Ideal batch reactor is a type of chemical reactor where reactants are mixed together in a closed vessel, and the reaction proceeds without any inflow or outflow of reactants during the reaction time. In a batch reactor, the composition is uniform throughout at any instant of time, noting that no fluid enters or leaves
Molecular diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, driven by random thermal motion. It is a fundamental mechanism for the transport of substances in gases, liquids, and solids. Fick’s first law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a substance
What is Bond Crushing Law and where it is used? Bond Crushing Law or Bond’s Law is one of the more realistic method for estimating the power required for crushing and grinding formulated by F.C. Bond in the 1940s. Bond’s crushing law states that the work required to form particles of size 𝐷𝑠 from very
Kick’s Law of Crushing, one of the fundamental principles in comminution (the process of reducing the size of solid materials), Kick’s law was proposed in 1885 based on stress analysis of plastic deformation within the elastic limit. Kick’s law states that the work required for crushing a given mass of material is constant for the
